Jama Masjid Delhi – Complete History, Architecture & Visiting Guide
The Jama Masjid, also known as Masjid-i-Jahan-Numa or “World-Reflecting Mosque,” is one of the largest and most majestic mosques in India. Commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan between 1650 and 1656, the mosque represents the pinnacle of Mughal architecture in Delhi and stands as a symbol of faith, artistry, and imperial grandeur. Strategically located in the heart of Old Delhi, it sits opposite the Red Fort, making it a central landmark of Mughal Delhi.
History of Jama Masjid
The construction of Jama Masjid was initiated during Shah Jahan’s reign, as he envisioned a grand mosque for the city he established, Shahjahanabad. Built with red sandstone and white marble, the mosque reflects the elegance and sophistication of Mughal craftsmanship. It took six years to complete, with thousands of artisans, laborers, and craftsmen contributing to its intricate design.
Over the centuries, the mosque has witnessed historical events, royal ceremonies, and political gatherings. Despite the passage of time, it remains an active site of worship, hosting thousands of devotees during Friday prayers and festivals like Eid.
Architecture and Design
- The mosque is an architectural marvel that seamlessly blends Islamic, Persian, and Mughal styles. Key architectural features include:
- Three grand gateways: Each entrance is adorned with detailed carvings and Mughal arches.
- Two towering minarets: Each minaret is approximately 40 meters tall, built from red sandstone and white marble. Visitors can climb these for a panoramic view of Old Delhi.
- Vast courtyard: Spanning over 25,000 square meters, it can accommodate more than 25,000 worshippers at a time.
- Main prayer hall: Features five arched entrances, a marble floor, intricate calligraphy from the Quran, and three large domes adorned with white marble inlay.
- Decorative details: Includes delicate carvings, floral motifs, and Persian inscriptions, highlighting the meticulous craftsmanship of the Mughal era.
- Relics: A marble enclosure within the mosque houses relics believed to belong to Prophet Muhammad, adding spiritual significance to the site.
Visiting Jama Masjid
Best time to visit: Early morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and enjoy soft lighting for photography.
Dress code: Modest attire is required. Robes and scarves are available at the mosque entrance for visitors.
Photography: Allowed in the courtyard, but avoid prayer halls during active worship.
Access: Located in Chandni Chowk, easily reachable by metro, auto-rickshaw, or walking from Red Fort.
Nearby Attractions
- Red Fort: Shah Jahan’s imperial fortification, just across the street.
- Chandni Chowk: Delhi’s iconic bazaar with shops, food stalls, and heritage havelis.
- Raj Ghat: Memorial of Mahatma Gandhi, a short drive away.
- Fatehpuri Masjid: Another historical mosque nearby, built during Shah Jahan’s era.
Why Visit Jama Masjid
Jama Masjid is not just a place of worship — it’s a living monument reflecting the grandeur of Mughal Delhi. Its scale, artistry, and spiritual atmosphere offer a unique experience for travelers, history enthusiasts, and photographers alike. Exploring the mosque provides a window into India’s rich Islamic heritage and the life of Shahjahanabad, once the thriving Mughal capital.
